Effects of by-product from biscuit industry on performance and carcass traits of fattening Morada Nova lambs.

This research evaluated the effects of using by-product from biscuit industry (BBI) in the diet of fattening lambs of Morada Nova breed. Lamb growth performances and carcass traits were investigated. Twenty Morada Nova breed male lambs body weight (BW) 17.1 ± 3.74 kg, single born, and age 141 ± 7 days were divided into four homogeneous groups (n = 5) fed for 8.5 weeks with four experimental diets replacing corn with BBI at 0, 150, 300, and 450 g/kg. Experimental diets were consisted of 30% Tifton-85 hay and 70% concentrate on dry matter (DM) basis. Diets were formulated to be isonitrogenous and isoenergetic in order to supply nutrient requirements of growing lambs with an average daily gain of 200 g/day. Increased feeding levels of BBI partially replacing corn did not affect dry matter intake, organic matter, and crude protein intake (P > 0.05). Animal performance was not affected by the dietary treatments (P > 0.05). BBI addition to the concentrate did not influence carcass traits, carcass measurements, quali-quantitative of Longissimus lumborum muscle, and meat cuts (P > 0.05). Partially replacing corn with a by-product from biscuit industry does not affect performance and carcass traits of fattening lambs. The BBI can partially replace up to 450 g/kg DM of corn on lambs' diets as a suitable agro-industrial by-product.

Nutritional effects and feeding behavior in ewes fed with biscuit bran and cashew nut bran, with different energy levels.

This research evaluated the effects of biscuit bran and cashew nut bran as energy source and additional energy level on intake, digestibility, feeding behavior, energy partitioning, N balance, and blood parameters on ewes. Twenty Morada Nova cull ewes breed (average age of 3 years old and initial body weight of 30.1 ± 3.56 kg) were distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2 × 2 factorial scheme of two energy sources (biscuit bran vs. cashew nut bran) and two levels of energy above 10% and 25% of the recommended energy requirements. The inclusion of cashew nut bran above 10% of the recommended energy promoted a lower crude protein (CP) and ethereal extract intake (P < 0.01) than cashew nut bran above 25% of the recommended energy. The interaction between energy source × energy level did not affect digestibility and energy partition on ewes (P > 0.05). The diet containing cashew nut bran above 10% of the recommended energy presented lower metabolizable energy intake and energy balance (P < 0.05). Regarding N balance, the cashew nut bran diet above 10% of the recommended energy decreased Nintake (P = 0.01), Nabsorbed (P < 0.01), and Nbalance (P = 0.04). Partial replacement of corn with the byproduct biscuit bran or cashew nut bran is a possible nutritional strategy. Ewes fed with 210 g/kg of biscuit bran presented greater CP intake and improvement of the protein use with the reduction of plasma levels of urea.

Physicians' job satisfaction and motivation in a public academic hospital.

BACKGROUND: Physician shortage is a global issue that concerns Brazil's authorities. The organizational structure and the environment of a medical institution can hide a low-quality life of a physician. This study examines the relationship between the hospital work environment and physicians' job satisfaction and motivation when working in a large public academic hospital. METHODS: The study was restricted to one large, multispecialty Brazil's hospital. Six hundred hospital physicians were invited to participate by e-mail. A short version of the Physician Worklife Survey (PWS) was used to measure working satisfaction. Physicians were also asked for socio-demographic information, medical specialty, and the intention to continue working in the hospital. RESULTS: Data from 141 questionnaires were included in the analyses. Forty-five physicians graduated from the hospital's university, and they did not intend to leave the hospital under any circumstance (affective bond). The motivating factor for beginning the career at the hospital and to continue working there were the connection to the medical school and the hospital status as a "prestigious academic hospital"; the physicians were more satisfied with the career than the specialty. Only 30% completely agreed with the statement "If I had to start my career over again, I would choose my current specialty," while 45% completely agreed with the statement "I am not well compensated given my training and experience." The greater point of satisfaction was the relationship with physician colleagues. They are annoyed about the amount of calls they are requested to take and about how work encroaches on their personal time. No significant differences between medical specialties were found in the analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The participants were satisfied with their profession. The fact that they remained at the hospital was related to the academic environment, the relationship with colleagues, and the high prestige in which society holds the institution. The points of dissatisfaction were inadequate remuneration and the fact that work invaded personal time. Routinely, there is a need for organizations to examine the impact of their structures, policies, and procedures on the stress and quality of life of physicians.

Diaphragmatic pacing stimulation in spinal cord injury: anesthetic and perioperative management.

OBJECTIVE: The standard therapy for patients with high-level spinal cord injury is long-term mechanical ventilation through a tracheostomy. However, in some cases, this approach results in death or disability. The aim of this study is to highlight the anesthetics and perioperative aspects of patients undergoing insertion of a diaphragmatic pacemaker. METHODS: Five patients with quadriplegia following high cervical traumatic spinal cord injury and ventilator-dependent chronic respiratory failure were implanted with a laparoscopic diaphragmatic pacemaker after preoperative assessments of their phrenic nerve function and diaphragm contractility through transcutaneous nerve stimulation. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01385384. RESULTS: The diaphragmatic pacemaker placement was successful in all of the patients. Two patients presented with capnothorax during the perioperative period, which resolved without consequences. After six months, three patients achieved continuous use of the diaphragm pacing system, and one patient could be removed from mechanical ventilation for more than 4 hours per day. CONCLUSIONS: The implantation of a diaphragmatic phrenic system is a new and safe technique with potential to improve the quality of life of patients who are dependent on mechanical ventilation because of spinal cord injuries. Appropriate indication and adequate perioperative care are fundamental to achieving better results.

Diaphragmatic pacing stimulation in spinal cord injury: anesthetic and perioperative management

OBJECTIVE: The standard therapy for patients with high-level spinal cord injury is long-term mechanical ventilation through a tracheostomy. However, in some cases, this approach results in death or disability. The aim of this study is to highlight the anesthetics and perioperative aspects of patients undergoing insertion of a diaphragmatic pacemaker. METHODS: Five patients with quadriplegia following high cervical traumatic spinal cord injury and ventilator-dependent chronic respiratory failure were implanted with a laparoscopic diaphragmatic pacemaker after preoperative assessments of their phrenic nerve function and diaphragm contractility through transcutaneous nerve stimulation. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT01385384. RESULTS: The diaphragmatic pacemaker placement was successful in all of the patients. Two patients presented with capnothorax during the perioperative period, which resolved without consequences. After six months, three patients achieved continuous use of the diaphragm pacing system, and one patient could be removed from mechanical ventilation for more than 4 hours per day. CONCLUSIONS: The implantation of a diaphragmatic phrenic system is a new and safe technique with potential to improve the quality of life of patients who are dependent on mechanical ventilation because of spinal cord injuries. Appropriate indication and adequate perioperative care are fundamental to achieving better results.

Tratamento alternativo para neuralgia pós-herpética após transplante pulmonar. Relato de caso / Alternative treatment for post-herpetic neuralgia after lung transplantation. Case report

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A neuralgia pós-herpética (NPH) é a dor que permanece após o desaparecimento do episódio agudo de herpes zoster. O objetivo deste estudo foi relatar o tratamento da dor da NPH em paciente transplantado pulmonar. RELATO DO CASO: Paciente do sexo masculino, 73 anos, transplantado pulmonar há três anos, em uso de imunossupressores. Desenvolveu quadro de herpes zoster há um ano, com vesículas no oitavo espaço intercostal do hemitórax direito (HTD). O tratamento foi efetivo com ganciclovir; entretanto, o paciente evoluiu com dor em queimação, intensa, constante, com piora no último mês, com intensidade pela escala visual numérica (EVN) de 9, mesmo com uso de 600 mg/dia de gabapentina. Ao exame físico apresentava uma lesão avermelhada no HTD, hiperestésica. Foi instituído tratamento com gabapentina (900 mg), amitriptilina (25 mg), dipirona (8 g) e oxicodona (20 mg) ao dia. Feita a aplicação de laser de baixa intensidade (LBI) diariamente por uma semana, seguido de tratamento com amitriptilina tópica a 4%. A intensidade da dor diminuiu para 5. A frequência de aplicação do LBI diminuiu para uma vez a cada dois dias com melhora significativa com EVN entre 1 e 2. Teve alta hospitalar, com 25 mg/dia de amitriptilina oral e amitriptilina tópica a 4%. CONCLUSÃO: O uso do LBI e da amitriptilina tópica foi eficaz para remissão do quadro doloroso.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN) is the pain remaining after the resolution of acute herpes zoster episode. This study aimed at reporting a case of PHN pain treatment in lung transplantated patient. CASE REPORT: Male patient, 73 years old, submitted to lung transplantation three years ago and under immunosuppressants. He developed herpes zoster one year ago with vesicles in the eighth intercostal space of the right hemithorax (RHT). Treatment was effective with ganciclovir, however the patient evolved with severe, constant burning pain worsened one month ago with intensity 9 according to the numeric visual scale (NVS), even with 600 mg/day gabapentin. At physical evaluation he presented a hyperesthesic reddish lesion in the RHT. Patient was treated with gabapentin (900 mg), amitriptyline (25 mg), dipirone (8 g) and oxycodone (20 mg) per day. Low intensity laser (LIL) was applied daily for one week, followed by treatment with 4% topic amitriptyline. Pain intensity decreased to 5. LIL frequency was decreased to once every two days with significant NVS improvement to 1 and 2. He was discharged with 25 mg/day oral amitriptyline and 4% topic amitriptyline. CONCLUSION: LIL and topic amitriptyline were effective for pain remission.

Comparação das alterações histológicas da medula espinal e neurológicas de cobaias após anestesia subaracnóidea com grandes volumes de bupivacaína racêmica, de mistura com excesso enantiomérico de 50 por cento de bupivacaína (S75-R25) e de levobupivacaína / Comparison of histologic spinal cord and neurologic changes in guinea pigs after subarachnoid block with large volumes of racemic bupivacaine, 50 percent enantiomeric excess bupivacaine (S75-R25), and levobupivacaine

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A levobupivacaína apresenta menos efeitos colaterais sobre o sistema nervoso central do que os induzidos pela bupivacaína racêmica; entretanto, o efeito anestésico é menos intenso. Foi realizado estudo experimental para comparar efeitos adversos de grandes volumes de bupivacaína, de bupivacaína S75-R25 e de levobupivacaína quando injetados no espaço subaracnóideo de cobaias. MÉTODO: Quarenta cobaias foram divididas em quatro grupos. Anestesiadas com O2 a 100 por cento e isoflurano a 2 por cento, com posterior punção no espaço intervertebral L6-S1. Nos animais do Grupo I foram administrados 2 mL de solução fisiológica a 0,9 por cento; no Grupo II, 2 mL de bupivacaína 0,5 por cento; no Grupo III, 2 mL de bupivacaína S75-R25 0,5 por cento e no Grupo IV, 2 mL de levobupivacaína 0,5 por cento. Após o despertar, nos momentos 0, 60, 120 e 180 minutos, foi realizado exame neurológico, diariamente, por uma semana. Os animais foram sacrificados e submetidos à perfusão com paraformaldeído a 4 por cento. Após a fixação, a medula espinal foi isolada por dissecção e analisada histologicamente para avaliação do grau de lesão medular. RESULTADOS: As cobaias do grupo-controle não apresentaram bloqueio nervoso. As do Grupo II apresentaram bloqueio sensitivo e motor por mais de 180 minutos. Nos Grupos III (S75-R25) e IV (levobupivacaína) houve bloqueios motor e sensitivo no momento 0 minuto; contudo, no momento 60 minutos o bloqueio motor era mínimo. Ao exame histológico, o Grupo I não apresentou alterações. No Grupo II foram encontradas alterações medulares intensas. Nos Grupos III e IV as alterações medulares foram pouco intensas. CONCLUSÕES: A levobupivacaína em grandes volumes causou pouco dano ao sistema nervoso, comparada com a bupivacaína. Entre levobupivacaína e bupivacaína S75-R25, não houve diferença estatística significativa.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Levobupivacaine has less central nervous system side effects than racemic bupivacaine, but its anesthetic effect is not as intense. The objective of this experimental study was to compare the adverse effects of large volumes of bupivacaine, S75-R25 bupivacaine, and levobupivacaine injected in the subarachnoid space of guinea pigs. METHODS: Forty guinea pigs were divided in four groups. They were anesthetized with 100 percent O2 and 2 percent isoflurane, followed by puncture of the L6-S1 intervertebral space. In Group I, 2 mL of normal saline were injected; in Group II, 2 mL of 0.5 percent bupivacaine; in Group III, 2 mL of 0.5 percent S75-R25 bupivacaine, and in Group IV, 2 mL of 0.5 percent levobupivacaine. After the animal awakened, neurological exam was done at 0, 60, 120, and 180 minutes, and daily for one week. Animals were killed and underwent perfusion with 4 percent paraformaldehyde. After fixation, the spinal cord was isolated by dissection and analyzed histologically to evaluate the degree of spinal cord lesions. RESULTS: Guinea pigs in the control group did not present nervous block. Those in Group II presented sensitive and motor block for more than 180 minutes. Animals in Groups III (S75-R25) and IV (levobupivacaine) developed sensitive and motor blockade at moment 0, but at 60 minutes the motor blockade was minimal. Histologic exam in Group I showed no changes. In Group II, severe spinal cord changes were observed. In Groups III and IV, spinal cord changes were mild. CONCLUSIONS: Large volumes of levobupivacaine caused little damage in the central nervous system when compared with bupivacaine. Statistically significant changes were not observed between levobupivacaine and S75-R25 bupivacaine.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: La levobupivacaína presenta menores efectos colaterales sobre el sistema nervioso central, si los comparamos con los inducidos por la bupivacaína racémica, sin embargo el efecto anestésico es menos intenso. Fue realizado un estudio experimental para comparar efectos adversos de grandes volúmenes de bupivacaína, de bupivacaína S75-R25 y de levobupivacaína cuando se inyectaron en el espacio subaracnoideo de los hámsteres. MÉTODO: Cuarenta hámsteres se dividieron en cuatro grupos. Anestesiados con O2 a 100 por ciento e isoflurano a 2 por ciento, con posterior punción en el espacio intervertebral L6-S1. En los animales del Grupo I se administraron 2 mL de solución fisiológica a 0,9 por ciento; en el Grupo II, 2 mL de bupivacaína 0,5 por ciento; en el Grupo III, 2 mL de bupivacaína S75-R25 0,5 por ciento y en el Grupo IV, 2 mL de levobupivacaína 0,5 por ciento. Después del despertar, en los momentos 0, 60, 120 y 180 minutos, fue realizado examen neurológico diariamente por una semana. Los animales fueron sacrificados y sometidos a la perfusión con paraformaldeido a 4 por ciento. Después de la fijación, la médula espinal fue aislada por disección y analizada histológicamente para evaluar el grado de lesión medular. RESULTADOS: Los hámsteres del grupo control no presentaron bloqueo nervioso. Los del Grupo II presentaron bloqueo sensitivo y motor por más de 180 minutos. En los Grupos III (S75-R25) y IV (levobupivacaína) hubo un bloqueo motor y sensitivo al momento 0 minuto, sin embargo al momento 60 minutos el bloqueo motor era mínimo. En el examen histológico, el Grupo I no presentó alteraciones. En el Grupo II fueron encontradas alteraciones medulares intensas. En el Grupo III y IV las alteraciones medulares fueron poco intensas. CONCLUSIONES: La levobupivacaína en grandes volúmenes causó poco daño al sistema nervioso comparada a la bupivacaína. Entre la levobupivacaína y la bupivacaína S75-R25, no hubo diferencia ...

Comparison of histologic spinal cord and neurologic changes in guinea pigs after subarachnoid block with large volumes of racemic bupivacaine, 50% enantiomeric excess bupivacaine (S75-R25), and levobupivacaine.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Levobupivacaine has less central nervous system side effects than racemic bupivacaine, but its anesthetic effect is not as intense. The objective of this experimental study was to compare the adverse effects of large volumes of bupivacaine, S75-R25 bupivacaine, and levobupivacaine injected in the subarachnoid space of guinea pigs. METHODS: Forty guinea pigs were divided in four groups. They were anesthetized with 100% O2 and 2% isoflurane, followed by puncture of the L6-S1 intervertebral space. In Group 1, 2 mL of normal saline were injected; in Group II, 2 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine; in Group III, 2 mL of 0.5% S75-R25 bupivacaine, and in Group IV, 2 mL of 0.5% levobupivacaine. After the animal awakened, neurological exam was done at 0, 60, 120, and 180 minutes, and daily for one week. Animals were killed and underwent perfusion with 4% paraformaldehyde. After fixation, the spinal cord was isolated by dissection and analyzed histologically to evaluate the degree of spinal cord lesions. RESULTS: Guinea pigs in the control group did not present nervous block. Those in Group II presented sensitive and motor block for more than 180 minutes. Animals in Groups III (S75-R25) and IV (levobupivacaine) developed sensitive and motor blockade at moment 0, but at 60 minutes the motor blockade was minimal. Histologic exam in Group I showed no changes. In Group II, severe spinal cord changes were observed. In Groups III and IV, spinal cord changes were mild. CONCLUSIONS: Large volumes of levobupivacaine caused little damage in the central nervous system when compared with bupivacaine. Statistically significant changes were not observed between levobupivacaine and S75-R25 bupivacaine.

Peculiaridades no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca no paciente idoso / Peculiarities of post-cardiac surgery care in elderly patients

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O paciente idoso tem características fisiológicas próprias e, muitas vezes, pode apresentar deficiências orgânicas ou afecções graves, que por si, já tornam o pós-operatório complicado. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma revisão das condutas pós-operatórias de cirurgia cardíaca no idoso, apresentando as alterações mais freqüentes nesse tipo de paciente. CONTEUDO: As condutas no período intra-operatório do paciente idoso devem ser tomadas tendo em vista a diminuição da morbidade pós-operatória. Na chegada do paciente idoso à UTI, devem ser cumpridos os mesmos critérios utilizados na internação de outros pacientes adultos de cirurgia cardíaca, para o serviço ter sempre um padrão, que não leve a uma alteração na rotina e que não provoque equívocos. Estabelecer um plano de cuidados intensivos para o pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca irá resultar em uma ótima utilização de recursos da unidade, em efetividade de atenção e em diminuição do tempo nos cuidados em relação ao paciente idoso. Os exames auxiliares solicitados também devem seguir um padrão, estabelecido pelo serviço, a não ser que alterações sejam identificadas. Complicações neurológicas, pulmonares, circulatórias, insuficiência renal, infecção e hipotireoidismo são freqüentes, com particularidades no idoso. Elas estão delineadas neste artigo e devem ser bem compreendidas pelo intensivista que cuida desse tipo de paciente. CONCLUSÕES: As complicações apresentadas neste artigo são as que trazem maior preocupação ao intensivista, quando há um paciente idoso em pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca na UTI. Este paciente necessita de cuidados especiais, mesmo quando a cirurgia transcorre em perfeita normalidade, pois o estresse cirúrgico é muito grande e o idoso tem reserva funcional diminuída.

[Peculiarities of post-cardiac surgery care in elderly patients.]. / Peculiaridades no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca no paciente idoso.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Elderly patients have their own physiologic characteristics, and sometimes may have organic deficits or severe diseases, which by themselves may complicate the postoperative period. This article is aimed at reviewing post-cardiac surgery procedures in the elderly, describing their most frequent problems. CONTENTS: Elderly patients intraoperative approaches should be decided taking into account lower postoperative morbidity. At ICU arrival, the same criteria for other adult patients of cardiac surgeries should be adopted to maintain service standardization and routine, thus preventing mistakes. Establishing an intensive care plan for the post-cardiac surgery period may result in optimal use of resources, effective attention and decreased time of care. Subsidiary exams should also follow the standards of the service, unless any problem be identified. Neurological, pulmonary and circulatory complications, renal failure, infections and hypothyroidism outlined in this article are frequent and unique in the elderly, and should be fully understood by the ICU physician. CONCLUSIONS: Complications outlined in this article are those of greatest concern for the ICU physician when there are elderly patients in the post-cardiac surgery period. These patients need special care, even when surgery is perfectly normal, because there is major surgical stress and the elderly have decreased functional reserves.

Incidência de cirurgia cardíaca em octogenários: estudo retrospectivo / Incidence of cardiac surgery in octogenarian patients: retrospective study

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: O aumento da expectativa de vida faz com que pacientes cada vez mais idosos tenham indicação de tratamento cirúrgico de cardiopatias. Este estudo tem como objetivo avaliar a incidência de pacientes com mais de 80 anos submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca no Instituto do Coração do Hospital das Clínicas da FMUSP, nos últimos 16 anos. MÉTODO: Foram analisados, no período de 1986 a 2001, o número de cirurgias de revascularização do miocárdio (RM) e cirurgia valvar (CV) e, em cada grupo, o número de cirurgias em pacientes com mais de 80 anos. Os dados foram analisados descritivamente. RESULTADOS: Os dados revelam aumento progressivo do número de octogenários submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. As cirurgias de revascularização do miocárdio tiveram aumento de 0,13 por cento em 1986 para 3,5 por cento em 2001. As cirurgias valvares aumentaram de 0 por cento em 1986 para 1,44 por cento em 2001, registrando o maior valor de 3,02 por cento em 1999. CONCLUSÕES: Os conhecimentos da fisiopatologia, da senilidade e os avanços no manuseio do trauma cirúrgico estão permitindo estender os recursos da cirurgia cardíaca no grupo de paciente mais idoso. A escolhas da técnica anestésica deve ser criteriosa, bem como a hidratação, a assistência ventilatória e a analgesia pós-operatória, permitindo redução da morbimortalidade neste grupo de maior risco cirúrgico.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Increased life expectancy makes increasingly older patients to be submitted to cardiac surgeries. This study aimed at evaluating the incidence of octogenarian patients submitted to cardiac surgeries in the Heart Institute, Hospital das Clínicas, FMUSP, in the last 16 years. METHODS: The number of myocardial revascularization (MR) and valvar surgeries (VS) was analyzed for the period 1986 to 2001 and, within each group, the number of surgeries in octogenarian patients. Data were descriptively analyzed. RESULTS: Data have shown a progressive increase in the number of octogenarian patients submitted to cardiac surgeries. Myocardial revascularization surgeries have increased from 0.13% in 1986 to 3.5% in 2001. Valvar surgeries have increased from 0% in 1986 to 1.44% in 2001, with the highest rate of 3.02% in 1999. CONCLUSIONS: The understanding of pathophysiology and senility, and the advances in surgical trauma handling are allowing cardiac surgery resources to be expanded to elderly patients. Anesthetic technique should be carefully chosen, as well as hydration, ventilatory assistance and postoperative analgesia, to provide decreased morbidity and mortality in this higher surgical risk group.

JUSTIFICATIVA Y OBJETIVOS: El aumento de la expectativa de vida hace con que pacientes cada vez mas edosos tengan indicación de tratamiento quirúrgico de cardiopatias. Este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la incidencia de pacientes con más de 80 años sometidos a cirugía cardíaca en el Instituto del Corazón del Hospital de Clínicas de la FMUSP, en los últimos 16 años. MÉTODO: Fueron analizados, en el período de 1986 a 2001, el número de cirugías de revascularización del miocardio (RM) y cirugía valvar (CV) y, en cada grupo, el número de cirugías en pacientes con más de 80 años. Los datos fueron analizados descriptivamente. RESULTADOS: Los datos revelan aumento progresivo del número de octogenarios sometidos a cirugía cardíaca. Las cirugías de revascularización del miocardio tuvieron aumento de 0,13% en 1986 para 3,5% en 2001. Las cirugías valvares aumentaron de 0% en 1986 para 1,44% en 2001, registrando el mayor valor de 3,02% en 1999. CONCLUSIONES: Los conocimientos de la fisiopatología, de la senilidad y los avanzos en el manoseo del trauma quirúrgico están permitiendo extender los recursos de la cirugía cardíaca en el grupo de pacientes más edosos. La elección de la técnica anestésica debe tener criterio, bien como la hidratación, la asistencia ventilatoria y la analgesia pos-operatoria, permitiendo reducción de la morbimortalidad en este grupo de mayor riesgo quirúrgico.

Incidence of cardiac surgery in octogenarian patients: retrospective study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Increased life expectancy makes increasingly older patients to be submitted to cardiac surgeries. This study aimed at evaluating the incidence of octogenarian patients submitted to cardiac surgeries in the Heart Institute, Hospital das Clínicas, FMUSP, in the last 16 years. METHODS: The number of myocardial revascularization (MR) and valvar surgeries (VS) was analyzed for the period 1986 to 2001 and, within each group, the number of surgeries in octogenarian patients. Data were descriptively analyzed. RESULTS: Data have shown a progressive increase in the number of octogenarian patients submitted to cardiac surgeries. Myocardial revascularization surgeries have increased from 0.13% in 1986 to 3.5% in 2001. Valvar surgeries have increased from 0% in 1986 to 1.44% in 2001, with the highest rate of 3.02% in 1999. CONCLUSIONS: The understanding of pathophysiology and senility, and the advances in surgical trauma handling are allowing cardiac surgery resources to be expanded to elderly patients. Anesthetic technique should be carefully chosen, as well as hydration, ventilatory assistance and postoperative analgesia, to provide decreased morbidity and mortality in this higher surgical risk group.